The results of the research demonstrate that the informative dimension and symbolic dimension are two main aspects of DLL in education of engineering students for smart construction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as the test method. A questionnaire survey was conducted based on the core concepts of the informative dimension and symbolic dimension in digital language landscape as well as the ability dimension, knowledge dimension, and skill dimension in engineering education. This study investigates the mechanism of digital linguistic landscapes in enabling engineering education for smart construction according to the educational dimensions of A (ability), S (skill), and K (knowledge). ‘Language is a costly and complicating factor’: A diachronic study of language policy in the virtual public sector. One could perhaps even go so far as to see Norway as the harbinger of change: once multilingual provision has reached a notional peak, there is a chance that more and more state institutions will cut down on ‘less than necessary’ languages online, opting instead for ‘commonsense’ English together with the respective official language(s).īerezkina, M. Furthermore, immigration, rather than leading to an increased visibility of language diversity in the VLL, can also put pressure towards homogenization. The translations into Nynorsk and Sámi are mainly done to comply with official regulations. The virtual linguistic ethnography and follow-up interviews show that the websites of the three institutions in focus exist more or less fully only in two language versions: Bokmål (the more widespread written standard of Norwegian) and English. The analysis also shows an increased linguistic presence of Nynorsk (the less used written standard of Norwegian), of the indigenous Sámi language, and of English, which performs a ‘hypercentral’ function. The article reveals a linguistic homogenization of the VLL of the public sector in Norway, which is mostly due to the removal of immigrant languages from state websites. The analysis is based on diachronic website data and interviews with state employees concerning the presence or absence of different languages on the websites of three central state institutions. This article examines language policy in the virtual linguistic landscape (VLL) in Norway and its development over time.
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